Ivan Illich opposed all of this with a vision encapsulated in a text that stands as a milestone of Western thought, grappling with the profound cultural and technological transformation underway—and with a very specific idea of what school should be. To “deschool” society, for Illich, means replacing mass education rituals with authentic learning, so that one may finally learn to live through one’s own life and through encounters with others. This is not merely a radical and necessary break with a system of power and knowledge, but a way to restore to human beings the joy of inventing, creating, and experimenting with their own lives—actively participating in the challenge of making the planet livable in our time.